Gelastic epilepsy and hypothalamic hamartomas: neuroanatomical analysis of brain lesions in 100 patients
Josef Parvizi, Scheherazade Le, Brett L. Foster et al, Brain (2011) 134(10): 2960-2968
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hypothalamic Hamartoma: A Rare Case
Yang An-chao, Zhang Kai, Zhang Jian-guo, Liu Huan-guang, Chen Ning, Ge Ming, Bai Qin and Meng Fan-gang, Chinese Medical Journal 2011;124(7):1114-1117 © 2011
Giant solid-cystic hypothalamic hamartoma Case report
Christian Dorfer, M.D., Gregor Kasprian, M.D., Angelika Mühlebner, M.D., and Thomas Czech, M.D, Neurosurg Focus 30(2) E7 2011 Journal of Neurosurgery
ABSTRACT: Hypothalamic hamartomas are rare lesions for which different classification schemes have been proposed. The authors report on an exceptionally large solid-cystic hamartoma that led to hydrocephalus, precocious puberty, and intractable gelastic seizures. They discuss potential mechanisms of the development of hypothalamic hamartomas.
Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of drug-refractory epilepsy in a patient with a hypothalamic hamartoma Case report
Carlo Efisio Marras, M.D., Michele Rizzi, M.D., Flavio Villani, M.D., Giuseppe Messina, M.D., Francesco Deleo, M.D., Roberto Cordella, Ph.D., and Angelo Franzini, M.D., Neurosurg Focus 30(2) E4 2011 Journal of Neurosurgery
ABSTRACT:Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are developmental malformations associated with a range of neurological problems, including intractable seizures. There is increasing evidence of the epileptogenicity of the hamartoma and of the inhomogeneous distribution of the epileptic abnormalities within the malformation. The management strategy for treatment and results differ according to the insertion plane and the extension of the malformation into the hypothalamus. Cases characterized by extensive involvement of the hypothalamus are particularly challenging.The authors describe the case of a patient with drug-resistant epilepsy and a large hypothalamic hamartoma with an extensive area of attachment. The patient underwent implantation of 2 deep brain electrodes. The intraoperative recording showed a synchronous interictal epileptic discharge in the left temporal lobe and on the left side of the lesion. The patient was treated with chronic high-frequency stimulation. No side effects due to the stimulation were reported. At 18 months' follow-up, a reduction in complex partial seizure frequency was reported, but no significant reduction in overall seizure frequency was noticed (p = 0.14, t-test). The authors report on neurophysiological studies of the relationship between HH and epilepsy, and also discuss the literature on chronic high-frequency stimulation, including its rationale and the results of chronic stimulation of various targets for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy due to HH.
Management of Refractory Complex Partial Seizures: Current State of the Art
David Treiman, Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 2010 vol 6 p297-308 © 2010 Trieman, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.
Gelastic Seizures: Not Always Hypothalamic Hamartoma.
Cheung and others, Epileptic Disorders 2007 9 (4): 453-8 © 2007 Epileptic Disorders.
The Hypothalamic Hamartoma: A Model of Subcortical Epileptogenesis and Encephalopathy
John Kerrigan, Harold Rekate et al, Semin Pediatr Neurol 12:119-131 © 2005 Elsevier Inc.
The Anatomy and Embryology of the Hypothalamus in relation to Hypothalamic Hamartoma
Jeremy Freeman, Epileptic Disorders 2003 5 177-86
From Hypothalamic Hamartoma to Cortex, What can be learned from Depth Recordings and Stimulation
Kahane and others, Epileptic Disorders 2003 5: 205-17
Generalised Epilepsy in Hypothalamic Hamartomas, Evolution and Postoperative Resolution
Harvey, in Neurology March 2003; 60:762-767, © Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins
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